Phases of Meiosis Worksheet Answer Key

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What are the two main stages of meiosis?

The two main stages of meiosis are meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of homologous chromosomes, resulting in two haploid cells with replicated chromosomes. Meiosis II involves the separation of sister chromatids, resulting in four haploid daughter cells with unreplicated chromosomes.

What happens during prophase I of meiosis?

During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrads, a process known as synapsis. This allows for crossing over to occur, where sections of the chromosomes are exchanged between homologous pairs. This genetic recombination promotes genetic diversity. Additionally, the nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle fibers begin to form, and the centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell.

Describe the process of crossing over during meiosis.

Crossing over during meiosis is a genetic process where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. It occurs during prophase I of meiosis, where sections of chromatids from homologous chromosomes break and recombine with the corresponding section on the other chromosome. This creates genetic variation by mixing and matching alleles between chromosomes, contributing to the diversity of offspring.

What occurs during metaphase I of meiosis?

During metaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell in pairs. This alignment is important for the subsequent separation of homologous chromosomes during anaphase I, ensuring that each resulting daughter cell receives one chromosome from each pair.

Explain how the separation of homologous chromosomes occurs during anaphase I.

During anaphase I of meiosis, the homologous chromosomes are separated as the microtubules attached to the kinetochores of each chromosome pull them towards opposite poles of the cell. This pulling force is exerted by the shortening microtubules of the spindle apparatus, causing the homologous chromosomes to be pulled apart and segregated into different daughter cells. As a result, each daughter cell receives one chromosome from each homologous pair, ensuring genetic diversity in the resulting gametes.

What happens during telophase I of meiosis?

During telophase I of meiosis, the separated homologous chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell, the nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes, and cytokinesis occurs, resulting in the formation of two haploid daughter cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes of the original parent cell.

Describe the events that take place during prophase II of meiosis.

During prophase II of meiosis, the nuclear envelope from the first round of meiosis breaks down, chromosomes condense, and spindle fibers begin to form. The chromosomes align along the metaphase plate during metaphase II before being pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell during anaphase II. This is followed by telophase II and cytokinesis, resulting in four haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell.

What occurs during metaphase II of meiosis?

During metaphase II of meiosis, individual chromosomes (each consisting of two sister chromatids) align along the equator of the cell, forming a single line. Microtubules from the opposite poles of the cell attach to the centromere of each chromosome, preparing to pull the sister chromatids apart during the ensuing anaphase II stage. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes, readying them for further division.

Explain the process of sister chromatid separation that takes place during anaphase II.

During anaphase II of meiosis, sister chromatids, which are two identical copies of a chromosome, are separated from each other. This process is initiated when the centromeres, which hold the sister chromatids together, divide. As the spindle fibers attached to the centromeres shorten, they pull the sister chromatids toward opposite poles of the cell. This ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. Ultimately, the separation of sister chromatids during anaphase II results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells, each with a unique combination of genetic material.

What happens during telophase II and cytokinesis of meiosis?

During telophase II of meiosis, the separated chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell, new nuclear envelopes form around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes begin to decondense. Cytokinesis then follows, resulting in the separation of the two daughter cells, each containing a haploid set of chromosomes. This process concludes meiosis, leading to the formation of four haploid daughter cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell.