Genetics Vocabulary Worksheet

📆 Updated: 1 Jan 1970
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Are you in search of a useful tool to enhance your understanding of genetics? Look no further! Introducing the Genetics Vocabulary Worksheet, a comprehensive resource designed to help students solidify their knowledge of genetics terminology and concepts. With a focus on key entities and subjects within the field of genetics, this worksheet provides a practical and engaging way to reinforce learning. Whether you’re a high school student looking to ace your genetics exam or a curious individual interested in expanding your genetic literacy, this worksheet is perfect for you.



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What is a gene?

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or performing a specific function within an organism. Genes are the basic units of heredity and are passed down from parent to offspring. They play a crucial role in determining an organism's traits, characteristics, and overall development.

What is DNA?

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms. It is composed of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix, and these nucleotides contain the genetic information in the form of genes that determine an organism's traits and characteristics. DNA is essential for all life on Earth and is passed down from generation to generation through the process of reproduction.

What is a chromosome?

A chromosome is a thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. It carries genetic information that determines an organism's characteristics and traits. Each chromosome contains specific genes that code for different proteins, which play essential roles in the development and functioning of an organism. Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with one set inherited from each parent.

What is a genotype?

A genotype refers to an individual's genetic makeup or the specific combination of alleles found in an organism's DNA that determine various traits or characteristics. It represents the genetic information that an organism inherits from its parents and plays a significant role in determining an organism's physical attributes, behaviors, and potential for developing certain diseases.

What is a phenotype?

A phenotype is the observable physical characteristics or traits of an organism, resulting from the interaction between its genotype (genetic makeup) and the environment. These traits can include features such as height, eye color, and behavior.

What is a dominant trait?

A dominant trait is a characteristic that is always expressed in an individual who carries the corresponding gene, even if they have only one copy of that gene. This trait will mask the presence of a recessive trait, which would only be expressed if the individual has two copies of the recessive gene. Dominant traits are more likely to be passed on to offspring and are often more easily noticeable in terms of physical appearance or characteristics.

What is a recessive trait?

A recessive trait is a genetic characteristic that is only expressed in an organism when two copies of the recessive allele are inherited, one from each parent. If an individual inherits one recessive allele and one dominant allele for a particular trait, the dominant allele will be expressed, masking the recessive trait.

What is a homozygous genotype?

A homozygous genotype refers to an individual having two identical alleles for a particular gene, one inherited from each parent. This means that both alleles are the same, either dominant or recessive, resulting in the expression of one specific trait or characteristic.

What is a heterozygous genotype?

A heterozygous genotype refers to an individual having two different alleles at a specific gene locus. This means that the two alleles inherited from each parent are not identical, with one being dominant and the other recessive. This results in a phenotype that typically expresses the dominant allele while still carrying the recessive allele in the genetic makeup.

What is genetic mutation?

Genetic mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, which can result in changes to the traits or characteristics of an organism. Mutations can be caused by various factors such as errors during DNA replication, exposure to radiation or chemicals, or inherited from parents. Mutations can be harmful, beneficial, or have no effect on an organism's traits, depending on where they occur in the genome and the nature of the change.

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