Genetics Vocabulary Worksheet Middle School
Are you a middle school student currently studying genetics? If so, you may find this genetics vocabulary worksheet to be a helpful resource in consolidating your understanding of key terms in this subject area.
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What is a gene?
A gene is a functional unit of DNA that contains the instructions for producing a specific protein or RNA molecule, which contributes to a particular trait or characteristic in an organism.
What is DNA?
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms. It consists of a double helix structure made up of nucleotides that code for the specific traits and characteristics of an individual or organism. DNA is passed from one generation to the next and is responsible for the diversity and complexity of life on Earth.
What is a chromosome?
A chromosome is a thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information in the form of genes. They are found in the nucleus of every cell and are responsible for determining an individual's traits and characteristics. Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent.
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome, which can result in the alteration of a protein's structure or function. Mutations can occur spontaneously or be induced by external factors such as radiation or chemicals, and they can have various consequences, including genetic disorders, cancer, or beneficial adaptations in evolution.
What is heredity?
Heredity refers to the passing on of genetic traits and characteristics from parents to offspring. It involves the transmission of genetic information through the transfer of DNA from one generation to the next, determining various physical and biological features in living organisms.
What is a genotype?
A genotype is the specific genetic makeup of an individual, which is determined by the combination of alleles inherited from its parents. These alleles can either be dominant or recessive, impacting traits and characteristics such as eye color, height, and susceptibility to diseases.
What is a phenotype?
A phenotype is the observable characteristics or traits of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genetic makeup (genotype) and the environment. This can include physical traits such as eye color, height, and behavior, as well as biochemical characteristics like blood type.
What is dominant inheritance?
Dominant inheritance is a genetic inheritance pattern where a single copy of a dominant allele is sufficient to express a trait or disease, overriding the presence of a recessive allele. This means that if an individual inherits one dominant allele from a parent, they will exhibit the associated trait or disease, regardless of the presence of a recessive allele.
What is recessive inheritance?
Recessive inheritance is a genetic pattern in which a trait or disorder is expressed only when an individual inherits two copies of a specific gene, with both copies being the recessive allele. This means that if an individual inherits one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a particular trait, the dominant allele will mask the effects of the recessive allele, leading to the dominant trait being expressed. Disorders or traits that follow a recessive inheritance pattern are typically only expressed when both parents pass on the recessive allele to their offspring.
What is genetic variation?
Genetic variation refers to the differences in DNA sequences among individuals of the same species. It is a key concept in evolution as it provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon, leading to diversity in populations. Genetic variation arises from mutations, genetic recombination, and gene flow, and plays a crucial role in the adaptation and survival of species in changing environments.
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